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Fossil-based plastic

Made from a wide range of polymers derived from petrochemicals, fossil-based plastic packaging is generally long lived, durable and does not biodegrade. It is often referred to as a conventional plastic.

Examples of conventional plastics include PE (polyethylene) which can be both high density (HDPE) for products like milk bottles and low density (LDPE) used for carrier bags, films or coatings in paper packaging, PP (polypropylene) used for food tubs and meal trays and PET (polyethylene terephthalate) also used for bottles and clear drink cups.

A lot of conventional, non-biodegradable packaging plastics can be recycled, if collected and sorted into separate material reprocessing streams. This is the most preferable end of life for suitable plastics as it contributes to a circular economy.

One exception to this is polyethylene LDPE, typically used for bags, films and coatings. Traditional takeaway paper cups feature a polyethylene plastic lining to make the cup waterproof. This lining is difficult to remove from the paper, which is one of the reasons these cups are not able to be recycled in common paper recycling infrastructure.

Bio-based plastic

Made using polymers derived from plant-based sources such as corn starch and sugarcane, bioplastic is a term used for any plastic made from bio-based polymers and refers to the source from which the plastic is made¹.

Bio-based plastics require industrial composting conditions to break down. It is important that non-compostable plastics do not enter the composting stream as they will infect the compost produced. Equally, bioplastics are not recyclable and cause problems during in the recycling process, potentially contaminating the valuable non-bioplastic resource from re-entering the production cycle.

Bio-based plastics must be clearly labelled and easy for consumers to identify, separate and dispose of in the correct commercial collection stream (where available).

Compostable paper products feature a lining made from bioplastic. Manufactured from a renewable resource, these products need to make it to an industrial composter (where the product is added with water, heated and agitated), in order to break down.

Government and Industry response

The Federal Government’s National Plastics Summit in Canberra recognised the importance of recycling plastics by announcing the ANZPAC Plastic Pact, the latest development for Ellen MacArthur Foundation’s global Plastics Pact network.

With just 16% of plastic packaging currently being recycled in Australia, ANZPAC will provide the significant intervention required to meet Australia’s national plastic packaging target that 70% of all plastic packaging will be recycled or composted by 2025.

Australia and New Zealand join the UK, France, Chile, Portugal, the Netherlands and South Africa as participating nations in the Plastic Pact network.

You can learn more about the ANZPAC announcement here. 

More than just the lining

Despite variance in the plastic used for packaging, including lined paperboard, unless separation and collection logistics are in place, plastic or plastic lined products can end up as contaminants in either the recycling or composting stream.

Access to collection for commercial composting facilities and kerbside recycling is essential to divert waste from landfill. 

Detpak offers a packaging range which is responsible by design, offering the best end of life solution for single use packaging to ensure valuable resources can be composted or live again. 

Alongside a compostable range, we also recognise the value of paper fibre and have developed a recyclable lining solution called RecycleMe™; a next generation lining featuring 40% less plastic, that is easily removed to preserve as much fibre as possible.

Paper products with RecycleMe™ lining are designed for standard recycling systems and qualify for kerbside recyclability². For paper cup products, kerbside recycling is problematic as takeaway cups do not behave like ‘paper or cardboard’ in a Materials Recovery Facility and are often sent to landfill at this sorting stage, read more here.